• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The camshaft is mfd. from a tube (1) which is expanded radially at points along its length to receive the cams, driving gear, and bearing bushes. The material of the tube is plastically deformed in the regions of radial expansion and the dia. resulting from this expansion is such that the bore of the cam, gear or bush, is elastically deformed when fitted on the tube to form the camshaft. The tube expansion operation is carried out without applying heat so that the material strength is unaffected.
    公开号:SU1722243A3
    申请号:SU874203553
    申请日:1987-09-30
    公开日:1992-03-23
    发明作者:Бройер Ханс-Юрген；Маус Вольфганг；Шулце Рудолф；Сварс Хелмут；Хансвиллеменке Ханс；Римшайд Хелмут；Вейс Карл；Фрилингсдорф Херберт；Шварц Енгелберт；Греве Хериберт；Гройлих Клаус
    申请人:Емитек Гезельшафт Фюр Емиссионстехнологи Мбх (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and engine building, namely, a shaft and a method for manufacturing mainly camshafts and similar parts from a tubular shaft and elements mounted on it.
    The aim of the invention is to improve the performance characteristics of the camshaft.
    FIG. Figure 1 shows the connection section before connecting the cams and the pipe, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 is the same after coupling; in fig. 3 - the same, with two adjacent elements after connection; in fig. 4 shows an element provided with a longitudinal groove, a longitudinal and a cross section; FIG. 5 is an element having a different cross section, a longitudinal and a cross section.
    The shaft consists of a tubular shaft 1 and elements 2 which are fitted on it by means of a press fit, which are cams and bearing bushes. There is a peripheral gap between the shaft 1 and the mounting element.
    3. Shaft 1 between the longitudinal sections 4, on which the elements 2 are mounted, has a diameter smaller than that on the longitudinal sections
    4. Between the longitudinal sections 4 of the shaft 1, a free space 5 is provided. On the inner surface of the mounting element 2 there are mainly three recesses 6 located around the perimeter, which occupy a total of 1/3 of the perimeter of the inner surface.
    The inner surface of the mounted element consists of a middle section 7 of a constant cross section and at least conically decreasing with respect to the zone of the middle section 7 towards the end surfaces of the end zones.
    The tubular shaft 1 has a strength that is 25-35% lower than the strength of the material of the mounted element 2. The tubular shaft 1 is made of heavy, untreated, surface-treated precision steel pipe with tensile strength 50-70 kg / mm2, yield strength 28-39 kg / mm2 and an elongation at break of 22-15%.
    The mounted elements 2 of cam types are made of cast iron, steel, or a high hardness sintered material (thermal-thermal), mainly
    ball bearing steel composition,%:
    Carbon0.9-1.0
    Manganese 0.25-0.30
    Silicon0.25-0.30
    Chrome 1.3-1.5
    IronErest
    The inner surface of the aperture of the mounted element 2, except for the recesses 6, can be made with a coating in which a special metal paste consisting of solid metals: tungsten, molybdenum or chromium is used as a binder.
    The shaft is manufactured according to the proposed method, which is carried out as follows.
    When connecting the tubular shaft 1 and the mounted element 2, the characteristics of both materials are not disturbed. Since the joining is carried out without heating5 either outside, as well as due to the fact that no heat treatment is required to relieve stresses, changes in the structure of the material that adversely affect the joints, as well as the loss of strength, do not occur.
    0 Occurring with the expansion of the size changes of the joined parts in contrast to the heat treatment can be calculated. Due to the great freedom in choosing the starting material for the manufacture
    5 elements, a more thorough selection of cam material can be made for various loads. Cams and bearing supports made of various materials and may be used.
    This ensures reliable transmission of the required torque. The method and apparatus used for hydraulic expansion of individual longitudinal sections are simple and inexpensive to eliminate with the expansion of the shaft by forcing a plastic mass inside it. In addition, the inner space of the shaft tube remains open, which allows the shaft to be cooled and the inner bearing bearing lubricated. The proposed shaft is easily manufactured and, taking into account the corresponding joining processes, can be a complete product that does not require subsequent grinding of the cu5 lacquers or bearing supports. The possibility of providing a small distance between the fixed elements and specially selected starting materials, taking into account the functioning, provide considerable freedom in designing the corresponding cylinder head.
    The method consists in that elements 2 are mounted on the shaft 1 in the form of a tubular shaft, which can be distribution cams, bearing rings, cylindrical and bevel gears, and the shaft 1 is radially expanded by the internal pressure of the hydraulic medium, applying pressure only on separate longitudinal sections 4 of the shaft 1,
    conjugated with the fittings 2, to obtain plastic deformations over the entire cross section of these sections of the tubular shaft and elastic deformations in the inner layer of the fittings, after which the hydro environment is removed. The method is optimal in those cases if the difference is 1) The min between the outer diameter of the shaft da and the inner diameters of the DI elements before expansion is defined as 0.9 of the size of the outer diameter of the shaft multiplied by the ratio of 0.2% yield strength Rp to the modulus of elasticity E. When this value is reached, the elastic pre-stress necessary for the power circuit of the installed elements, i.e. when the ratio is respected
    Umaks Drda 0,9 da-,
    where Rp is the tensile yield modulus;
    E is the modulus of elasticity of the pipe material;
    da is the outer diameter of the tubular shaft;
    DI is the inner diameter of the mounted element.
    The expansion of the tubular shaft 1 is carried out along an axial section, which extends at least about 50% and at most about 150% of the wall thickness beyond the end surface of the fitting on each side. As a result, the adherence of the walls of the tubular shaft to the through-hole in the mounted element along the entire length is optimally and essentially with equal voltage, thereby reducing the risk of microclipping and eliminating the possibility of formation of corrosion corrosion.
    In a similar way, the expansion of the tubular shaft with the stress concentration on the end surfaces of the elements is prevented. Special conditions arise when several mounted elements are closely spaced next to each other, as is the case, in particular, in three- or four-valve engines, i.e. with three or four valves per cylinder. With this in mind, the method can be changed in such a way that the expansion of the tubular shaft is carried out simultaneously in a section exceeding the length of two or more fitting elements. Since in this case the maximum distance between the mounted elements is not more than 40% of
    the thickness of the wall of the tubular shaft, it is possible not to be afraid of the bulging of the tubular shaft; in addition, the uniform fit of the various fitting elements is ensured.
    The elastic radial deformation of the edge of the through-hole of the mounted element in the case of using plastic materials, such as steel, occurs in the material to a depth of approximately 10-15% of the thickness of the thinnest radial wall of the mounted element. In this case, a sufficient connection force is achieved and the strength of the fitting elements is not subjected to a negative effect. In the case of using solid materials / such as cast iron, elastic deformation of the edge is impossible within these limits and there is no need for it.
    The longitudinal strain that occurs in the outer zone of the fitting element in the tangential direction should be after expansion to about 1% in order to avoid surface damage during operation in the event of additional loads. When using heavy materials such as steel, the preferred longitudinal deformation limits are 0.1-0.4%, while in the case of fragile materials such as cast iron, these limits should be 0.01-0, 2%.
    The method stipulates that in order to expand in the area of the mounted element (cams), the internal hydraulic pressure should be 2000-3500 bar, and to expand the tubular shaft in the area of the mounted element (thinner-walled bearing support), the internal hydraulic pressure should be 1000-2500 bar.
    It is possible, in addition to the corresponding force closure between the tubular shaft and the mounted element, to be also made a geometrical closure. For this, in particular, one or several slots are inserted into the through-hole of the mounted element during which the material from which the tubular shaft is made is pressed during its elastic deformation. Another possibility of geometrical closure is to create a larger cross section of the middle section of the mounted element end surfaces of which are adjacent areas with a smaller cross section.
    The advantage is to ensure a firm fit,
    stable for a long time to loadings of torque, and a uniform pressing is achieved along the entire length of the support and prevents the tubular shaft from being susceptible to swelling in front of the end surfaces of the mounted elements. In addition to these macrogeometric closure capabilities, there is also the possibility of microgeometric closure, due to the fact that a coating of solid particles is provided on the surface of the through-hole of the mounting element, which when pressed into the material of which the tubular shaft is made, another option is provided by processing, namely by applying around the perimeter of the grooves in the through-hole of the mounted element which intersect with similar grooves (grooves, scratches) left after processing on the surface of the tubular shaft, and thus, when pressed one into another, they form a firm connection. Traces of processing in the form of pinholes are obtained by sandblasting or processing the glass beads of the mounted element before connection, which is associated with extremely low costs.
    In the case of using these techniques together or in various combinations, the necessary for. expansion pressure can be reduced. As a consequence, the tolerances on the shaft shape error after expansion are reduced. In addition, to extend the life of the shaft, the fit elements (cams) can be made of hard and brittle materials.
    The invention relates to camshafts or similar parts made from a tubular shaft, and mounted elements, such as cams, bearing rings, plain and bevel gears, by expanding the tubular shaft in the region of the mounted elements by applying pressure to the inside of the tubular shaft, in particular, in accordance with the method in which the material from which the tubular shaft is made, is deformed elastic in the longitudinal sections, the material from which the fitting is made You are deformed to a greater degree. The deformation process is preferably carried out by applying pressure to the inside of a hydraulic method.
    The material from which the tubular shaft is made must have a tensile strength at break of 25-35% less than the material from which the fittings are made. This provides the opportunity to select the desired type of joint, as well as to choose a relatively soft material for the manufacture of a tubular shaft, taking into account its cost,
    Pig iron, steel or synthetic elements can be used as cams before joining, and materials with increased strength, such as ball bearings, can be chosen to increase the service life of the camshaft, and this does not adversely affect the quality of the connection.
    The proposed shaft and the method of its manufacture are expediently used when installing hollow trunnions in the holes, for connecting two pipes with a tubular coupling or for connecting two pipe segments installed one into another.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    1. A shaft, in particular a camshaft consisting of a tubular shaft and elements of the type of distribution cams, bearing rings, cylindrical and bevel gears mounted on a press fit, characterized in that, in order to improve the performance characteristics of the camshaft, the tubular shaft between the longitudinal sections in which the elements are mounted are made with a diameter smaller than in the longitudinal sections.
    [2]
    2.Val pop 1, characterized in that the material of the tubular shaft has a strength that is 25 ... 35% lower than the strength of the material of the fitting element,
    [3]
    3. Val on PP. 1-2, characterized in that the tubular shaft is made of heavy, untreated, surface-treated precision pipe made of steel with tensile strength 50., .70 kg / mm2, yield strength 28 .., 39 kg / mm2 and relative elongation at break 22 ... 15%.
    [4]
    4. Val on PP. 1-3, characterized in that the mounted cam-type elements are made of cast iron, steel, or a high-hardness sintered material (sintermaterial), mainly ball bearing steel,%:
    Carbon0.9-1.0
    Manganese 0.25-0.30
    Silicon0.25-0.30
    Chrome 1.3-1.5
    IronErest
    [5]
    5. Val on PP. 1-4, characterized in that the inner surface of the hole of the mounted element is made with perimeter ribs or a coating in which a special metal paste consisting of solid metals: tungsten, molybdenum or chromium is used as a binder.
    [6]
    6. The shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that the corrugations are made in the form of longitudinal recesses distributed along the perimeter with a depth of 0.2 ... 1% of the wall thickness of the tubular shaft.
    [7]
    7. The shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that the grooves are made in the form of mainly three recesses located axially and distributed around the perimeter, which occupy in total 1/3 of the total perimeter.
    [8]
    8.Val on PP. 1-7, characterized in that the fitting elements are made with an inner surface consisting of a middle section of constant cross section and at least conically decreasing with respect to the area of the middle section towards the end surfaces of the end zones.
    [9]
    9. Method of manufacturing a shaft, in particular a camshaft, of a tubular shaft and elements of the distribution cam type, bearing rings, cylindrical and bevel gears mounted on it by expanding the tubular shaft in the area of the mounted elements by means of an internal hydraulic medium that differs from improving the performance characteristics of the camshaft, the expansion is carried out in the radial direction only on separate longitudinal sections of the tubular shaft; a push-fit elements, to give plastic deformation around the transverse section of the tubular shaft sections of elastic deformation in the inner layer elements skewer, whereupon gidrosredu removed.
    [10]
    10. The method according to Claim 9, which is based on the fact that before expanding the tubular shaft, the difference Umax between the outer diameter da of the tubular shaft and the inner diameter DI of the element to be mounted is determined from the relation:
    imax-drda 0,9da,
    where Rp is the tensile yield strength; E is the modulus of elasticity of the pipe material.
    [11]
    11. Method according to paragraphs. 9 and 10, characterized in that the expansion of the tubular
    The shaft is made in a longitudinal section with a length equal to the length of the mounted element and two lengths of sections protruding beyond the mounted element on each side by an amount of at least 50% and a maximum of 150% of the wall thickness of the tubular shaft.
    [12]
    12. The method according to claim 11, distinguishing with the fact that when installing two mounted elements, the distance between which is less than 40% of the thickness of the wall of the tubular shaft, the tubular shaft extends the same length over the length of overlapping
    5 length of two adjacent mounted elements.
    [13]
    13. Method according to paragraphs. 9-12, characterized in that, simultaneously with the expansion of the tubular shaft, a flush between the tubular shaft and the fitting elements is additionally implemented.
    [14]
    14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the macrogeometric closure is carried out by pressing the material of the tubular shaft as it expands into the longitudinal recesses of the element being distributed around the perimeter.
    [15]
    15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the macrogeometric closure is performed by pressing the material of the tubular shaft as it expands into the middle portion of the larger diameter of the fitting element.
    five
    [16]
    16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the macrogeometric closure is performed by pressing the tubular shaft into the material as it expands the layer of solid particles located on
    0 the inner surface of the mounted element,
    [17]
    17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the macrogeometric closure is performed by pressing the material of the tubular shaft as it expands into the grooves of the fitting element.
    [18]
    18. Method according to paragraphs. 9-17, characterized in that after expansion the longitudinal deformation in the inner zone
    0 of the fitting element in the tangential direction is a value of 0.01-1%.
    [19]
    19. Method according to paragraphs. 9-17, characterized in that in the manufacture of a steel element to be mounted, after expanding 5 neither the longitudinal deformation in the inner zone of the mounted element in the tangential direction is 0.1-0.4%.
    [20]
    20. Method according to paragraphs. 9-17, characterized in that in the manufacture of a fitting element from solid materials, the renal zone of the fitting element in a cast iron or synthesis material tangent after the propagation direction is longitudinal deformation in the internal 0.01-0.2%.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JPS63119937A|1988-05-24|
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    DE3788191D1|1993-12-23|
    EP0265663B2|1999-10-20|
    EP0265663A1|1988-05-04|
    CA1294798C|1992-01-28|
    BR8705053A|1988-05-24|
    IN167866B|1990-12-29|
    JPH0465729B2|1992-10-21|
    MX173130B|1994-02-02|
    EP0265663B1|1993-11-18|
    ES2046190T3|1994-02-01|
    CN1009481B|1990-09-05|
    DE3633435A1|1988-04-14|
    ES2046190T5|2000-01-01|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE19863633435|DE3633435A1|1986-10-01|1986-10-01|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILT-IN CAMSHAFT, AND BUILT-IN CAMSHAFT FROM A SHAFT TUBE AND SLIDE-ON ELEMENTS|
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